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There Are Multiple Dynamic Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer
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While there are a few common and well-known checkpoints for bladder cancer, there are also many more than PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4.
When it comes to biomarkers used to determine treatment strategy in bladder cancer, there is more than PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, says Padmanee Sharma, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Researchers have not yet examined or reached a full understanding of all the possible checkpoints, especially since the targets — like the immune response in general – are very dynamic and change over time.
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